{"id":2945,"date":"2019-07-17T08:06:35","date_gmt":"2019-07-17T07:06:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.welovecycling.com\/cs\/?p=2945"},"modified":"2019-07-17T08:06:35","modified_gmt":"2019-07-17T07:06:35","slug":"tour-de-france-v-case-jakou-cestu-urazilo-kolo-nastroj-zavodniku-welovecycling-cr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.welovecycling.com\/cs\/2019\/07\/17\/tour-de-france-v-case-jakou-cestu-urazilo-kolo-nastroj-zavodniku-welovecycling-cr\/","title":{"rendered":"Tour de France v \u010dase. Jakou cestu urazilo kolo, n\u00e1stroj z\u00e1vodn\u00edk\u016f?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Stejn\u011b jako sou\u010dasn\u00ed jezdci b\u011bhem z\u00e1vodu nekou\u0159\u00ed doutn\u00edky a v\u00a0c\u00edli, \u010di p\u0159\u00edmo b\u011bhem etapy, si nedop\u0159ej\u00ed pivo, maj\u00ed toho i dne\u0161n\u00ed kola pram\u00e1lo spole\u010dn\u00e9ho se stroji, na kter\u00fdch se za\u010d\u00e1tkem minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed z\u00e1vodilo. Poj\u010fte se pod\u00edvat na cestu, ji\u017e kolo urazilo od prvn\u00edho ro\u010dn\u00edku Tour de France<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

P\u00ed\u0161e se rok 1903 a Maurice Garin vyhr\u00e1l prvn\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00edk Tour de France. Jeho kolo? Osmn\u00e1ctikilov\u00fd ocelov\u00fd stroj La Francaise, bez p\u0159ehazova\u010dky, volnob\u011bhu, s\u00a0d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdmi r\u00e1fky a jedin\u00fdm t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm p\u0159evodem. Kolo ov\u0161em jednu novinku m\u011blo \u2013 klipsny, v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b je\u0161t\u011b nestandardn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost.\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

V letech 1910\u20131914 se st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji objevuj\u00ed na kolech \u0159\u00edd\u00edtka podobn\u00e1 t\u011bm, kter\u00e1 zn\u00e1me dnes. Takzvan\u00e9 oblouky si za\u010daly nach\u00e1zet oblibu nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d pelotonem. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 doch\u00e1z\u00ed i k\u00a0\u00faprav\u011b geometrie r\u00e1m\u016f. Zkracuje se rozvor kol pro lep\u0161\u00ed ovladatelnost a z\u00e1vodn\u00edci vezou na kolech pumpi\u010dku i n\u00e1hradn\u00ed galusku. Ciz\u00ed pomoc byla v\u00a0t\u011bchto dob\u00e1ch na Tour zak\u00e1z\u00e1na a z\u00e1vodn\u00edci se o sebe museli um\u011bt postarat.<\/p>\n

Rychloup\u00edn\u00e1k<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Velk\u00fd pr\u016flom v\u00a0roce 1927 ud\u011blal Tullio Campagnolo \u2013 p\u0159edstavuje rychloup\u00edn\u00e1k. Do t\u00e9 doby z\u00e1vodn\u00edci m\u011bnili p\u0159evody tak, \u017ee museli zastavit, vyndat zadn\u00ed kolo, oto\u010dit ho a znovu nasadit. Zadn\u00ed kolo toti\u017e m\u011blo pastorek z\u00a0obou stran n\u00e1boje, a z\u00e1vodn\u00edci tak m\u011bli na v\u00fdb\u011br ze dvou p\u0159evod\u016f. Rychloup\u00edn\u00e1k tento zp\u016fsob \u0159azen\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b urychlil.\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Hlin\u00edk alias d\u0159evo<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Antonin Magne vyhr\u00e1v\u00e1 Tour v\u00a0roce 1934 na hlin\u00edkov\u00fdch kolech, kter\u00e1 pro v\u00fdrobce testoval. Proto\u017ee to bylo proti pravidl\u016fm, r\u00e1fky nat\u0159el tak, aby p\u0159ipom\u00ednaly d\u0159evo, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e unikl pozornosti.\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Zelen\u00e1 pro p\u0159ehazova\u010dky<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm pr\u016flomov\u00fdm rokem byl rok 1937. Prvn\u00ed p\u0159ehazova\u010dky se u\u017e p\u00e1r let na kolech objevovaly, ale na Tour se pou\u017e\u00edvat nesm\u011bly. Pr\u00e1v\u011b toto pravidlo bylo v\u00a0roce 1937 zru\u0161eno a p\u0159ehazova\u010dky dostaly zelenou. Nejednalo se ale o p\u0159ehazova\u010dky ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 lankem, jako zn\u00e1me dnes. Tu Simplex p\u0159edstavil a\u017e v\u00a0roce 1938. P\u0159edt\u00edm se jednalo o r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u00e1kov\u00e9 mechanismy, pomoc\u00ed kter\u00fdch mohli jezdci \u0159adit za j\u00edzdy.\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Doba pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1948 \u2013 Po v\u00e1lce z\u00e1vodn\u00edci zrychluj\u00ed, kvalita cest se zvy\u0161uje a jsou kladeny v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1roky na rychl\u00e9 m\u011bn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159evod\u016f. Na trh vstupuje Campagnolo<\/a> s\u00a0p\u00e1kov\u00fdm modelem Cambio Corsa.\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Campagnolo p\u0159edstavuje v\u00a0roce 1951 p\u0159ehazova\u010dku Gran Sport ovl\u00e1danou lankem, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 konec manu\u00e1ln\u00edm (p\u00e1kov\u00fdm) zm\u011bn\u00e1m p\u0159evod\u016f.<\/p>\n

Suntour<\/a> si v\u00a0roce 1964 nech\u00e1v\u00e1 patentovat paralelogram a p\u0159edstavuje p\u0159ehazova\u010dku s\u00a0p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a rychlej\u0161\u00edm \u0159azen\u00edm.<\/p>\n

R\u00e1my jen z oceli<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1980 \u2013 Ocel je st\u00e1le v\u00a0kurzu a r\u00e1my z\u00a0jin\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f se zat\u00edm ned\u011blaj\u00ed. Trubky z\u00e1vodn\u00edch kol jsou nej\u010dast\u011bji Reynolds nebo Columbus. Joop Zoetemelk v\u00a0tomto roce vyhr\u00e1v\u00e1 Tour na kole s\u00a0v\u00e1hou p\u0159es deset kilogram\u016f.\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

N\u00e1\u0161lapn\u00e9 ped\u00e1ly<\/strong><\/h2>\n

P\u00ed\u0161e se rok 1984 a francouzsk\u00fd LOOK<\/a> p\u0159edstavuje prvn\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161lapn\u00e9 ped\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 rychle dob\u00fdvaj\u00ed peloton a st\u00e1vaj\u00ed se normou. Posledn\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bz Tour, jen\u017e vyhr\u00e1l v\u00a0klipsn\u00e1ch, je Stephen Roche v\u00a0roce 1987.\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Okolo roku 1988 se experimentuje s\u00a0karbonov\u00fdmi trubkami zasazen\u00fdmi v\u00a0hlin\u00edkov\u00fdch mufn\u00e1ch. Na takov\u00e9m kole v\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed Greg Lemond v\u00a0roce 1989.<\/p>\n

Hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 pokusy<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Po roce 1990 se za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 experimentovat s\u00a0hlin\u00edkem. Miguel Indurain vyhr\u00e1v\u00e1 Tour jako posledn\u00ed jezdec na ocelov\u00e9m kole v\u00e1\u017e\u00edc\u00edm 9 kg v\u00a0roce 1994, v\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm roce si u\u017e pro v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed dojel na hlin\u00edkov\u00e9m stroji. Oceli definitivn\u011b odzvonilo.\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Hlin\u00edk ale na Tour v\u00edt\u011bzil pouze kr\u00e1tce \u2013 posledn\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bz Marco Pantani jel na hlin\u00edkov\u00e9m kole v\u00a0roce 1998. Jeho Bianchi v\u00a0barv\u011b celeste kombinovan\u00e9 se \u017elutou v\u00e1\u017eilo kolem sedmi kilogram\u016f.<\/p>\n

Karbon & Armstrong<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1999 \u2013 n\u00e1stup karbonu a Lance Armstronga, kter\u00fd v\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed na sv\u00e9m Treku<\/a>. To bylo prvn\u00edm karbonov\u00fdm kolem, je\u017e z\u00e1vodn\u00edk pou\u017eil v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 etap\u011b. Na prvn\u00ed m\u00edsto Lance nepust\u00ed nikoho jin\u00e9ho a\u017e do roku 2005, kdy Tour vyhr\u00e1l posedm\u00e9 a naposled. Jak to v\u0161ak bylo s\u00a0jeho tituly pot\u00e9, to u\u017e je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 skand\u00e1ln\u00ed historie.\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Zn\u00e1m\u00e9 pravidlo o minim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00e1ze kola pro z\u00e1vody zav\u00e1d\u00ed UCI<\/a> v\u00a0roce 2000. Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00e1ha kola je stanovena na 6,8 kg. Znateln\u011b aktualizovan\u00e1 geometrie r\u00e1m\u016f kol p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed i modern\u00ed tapered sloupky vidlice, \u010d\u00edm\u017e jsou nahrazeny konusov\u00e9 p\u0159edstavce.<\/p>\n

Po zaveden\u00ed pravidla pro minim\u00e1ln\u00ed hmotnost kola v\u00fdrobci ztratili c\u00edl v\u00a0podob\u011b co nejleh\u010d\u00edho kola, o kter\u00e9 se celou dobu sna\u017eili. D\u00edky modern\u00edm poznatk\u016fm se v\u00a0nov\u00e9m tis\u00edcilet\u00ed orientace v\u00fdrobc\u016f zam\u011b\u0159uje hlavn\u011b na aerodynamiku. V\u00a0pelotonu se za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed objevovat kola s\u00a0vysok\u00fdmi r\u00e1fky, trubky r\u00e1m\u016f s\u00a0pr\u016f\u0159ezy jin\u00fdmi ne\u017e kruhov\u00fdmi nebo aerodynamick\u00e1 \u0159\u00edd\u00edtka a sedlovky.<\/p>\n

10 rychlost\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n

2003 \u2013 japonsk\u00e9 Shimano<\/a> p\u0159edstavuje sadu Dura Ace s\u00a010 rychlostmi na kazet\u011b.\u00a0Lance Armstrong v\u00a0roce 2005 vyhr\u00e1v\u00e1 na kole Trek Madone SSlx s\u00a0v\u00e1hou 7 kg.\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Alberto Contador v\u00a0sedle sv\u00e9ho kola Specialized<\/a> v\u00a0roce 2010, kdy vyhr\u00e1l Tour pot\u0159et\u00ed. O sv\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed ale p\u0159i\u0161el pot\u00e9, co se v\u00a0jeho mo\u010di p\u0159i dopingov\u00e9 zkou\u0161ce na\u0161el Clenbuterol.\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Stroj doby ned\u00e1vn\u00e9, na kter\u00e9m si v\u00a0roce 2016 dojel pro v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed Chris Froome. Oproti kol\u016fm Contadora a Amstronga vid\u00edme rozli\u010dn\u011b tvarovan\u00e9 r\u00e1mov\u00e9 trubky a sadu komponent\u016f s\u00a0v\u00edce rychlostmi.\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Jak\u00e9 kolo zv\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed letos? Kdo mysl\u00edte \u017ee vyhraje? A koho byste nejrad\u0161i vid\u011bli na stup\u00ednku nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Stejn\u011b jako sou\u010dasn\u00ed jezdci b\u011bhem z\u00e1vodu nekou\u0159\u00ed doutn\u00edky a v\u00a0c\u00edli, \u010di p\u0159\u00edmo b\u011bhem etapy, si nedop\u0159ej\u00ed pivo, maj\u00ed toho i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95,"featured_media":2875,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[243],"tags":[348,344,351,345,333,350,349,347,23,343,346],"global-categories":[],"class_list":["post-2945","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-welovecycling-com-cs-tdf","tag-antonin-magne","tag-historie-tour-de-france","tag-karbonove-ramy","tag-kolo","tag-maurice-garin","tag-pedaly","tag-prehazovacka","tag-rychloupinak","tag-tour-de-france","tag-tour-de-france-v-case","tag-tullio-campagnolo"],"yoast_head":"\nTour de France v \u010dase. 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