{"id":2801,"date":"2019-07-10T14:48:44","date_gmt":"2019-07-10T13:48:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.welovecycling.com\/cs\/?p=2801"},"modified":"2019-07-10T00:21:20","modified_gmt":"2019-07-09T23:21:20","slug":"nejvetsi-skandaly-na-tour-de-france-we-love-cycling-cr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.welovecycling.com\/cs\/2019\/07\/10\/nejvetsi-skandaly-na-tour-de-france-we-love-cycling-cr\/","title":{"rendered":"Slavn\u00e1 Tour de France ve st\u00ednu skand\u00e1l\u016f a trag\u00e9di\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Skand\u00e1ly prov\u00e1zej\u00ed Tour de France<\/a> ji\u017e od jej\u00edho zalo\u017een\u00ed v\u00a0roce 1903. A\u0165 u\u017e je to doping, podv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed \u010di sabotov\u00e1n\u00ed soupe\u0159\u016f, tak\u0159ka ka\u017ed\u00fd ro\u010dn\u00edk Tour si pro\u0161el n\u011bjakou kontroverz\u00ed. Poj\u010fme se pod\u00edvat na ty nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejz\u00e1sadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00a0nich, je\u017e utv\u00e1\u0159ely tento legend\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1vod do podoby, kterou dnes zn\u00e1me.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Divok\u00e9 za\u010d\u00e1tky<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Z\u00e1vodn\u00edci se sna\u017eili obch\u00e1zet pravidla d\u00e1vno p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e se Tour de France stala celosv\u011btov\u00fdm fenom\u00e9nem. \u0158ada z\u00e1vodn\u00edk\u016f si tra\u0165 nepovolen\u011b zkracovala, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed si ve stoup\u00e1n\u00ed pom\u00e1hali dr\u017een\u00edm se auta, jin\u00ed byli dokonce p\u0159isti\u017eeni, jak se v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu z\u00e1vodu k\u00a0c\u00edli p\u0159ibli\u017euj\u00ed vlakem. B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 bylo tak\u00e9 b\u011bhem\u00a0z\u00e1vodu p\u00edt alkohol, kou\u0159it cigarety a konzumovat povzbuzova\u010de v\u0161eho druhu. Ostatn\u011b a\u017e do 40. let byl doping povolen\u00fd a k\u00a0jeho pln\u00e9 kriminalizaci do\u0161lo je\u0161t\u011b o dvacet let pozd\u011bji.<\/p>\n

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Ku\u0159\u00e1ck\u00e1 pauza v pr\u016fb\u011bhu etapy byla v po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch slavn\u00e9ho z\u00e1vodu b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 stejn\u011b jako pit\u00ed alkoholu.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Smrt Toma Simpsona p\u0159i\u00a013. etap\u011b<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Prvn\u00edm tragick\u00fdm skand\u00e1lem, kter\u00fd pouk\u00e1zal na riziko kombinace fyzick\u00e9ho vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed a zak\u00e1zan\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, bylo \u00famrt\u00ed Toma Simpsona na Tour v\u00a0roce 1967. Asi kilometr p\u0159ed vrcholem n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9ho stoup\u00e1n\u00ed na Mont Ventoux v\u00a013. etap\u011b Simpson ne\u010dekan\u011b spadl z\u00a0kola. I p\u0159es varov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00fdmov\u00e9ho mechanika se v\u0161ak rozhodl pokra\u010dovat. Po necel\u00fdch 500 metrech se v\u0161ak op\u011bt za\u010dal pot\u00e1cet a n\u00e1sledn\u011b zkolaboval. Kr\u00e1tce po p\u0159evozu do bl\u00edzk\u00e9 nemocnice byl prohl\u00e1\u0161en za mrtv\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

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Stoup\u00e1n\u00ed na Mont Ventoux je dodnes spojeno se smutnou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed – smrt\u00ed Toma Simpsona p\u0159i Tour de France v roce 1967.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Pozd\u011bji se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee Simpson v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu z\u00e1vodu konzumoval alkohol a amfetamin, co\u017e se v\u00a0kombinaci s\u00a0\u00faporn\u00fdm horkem a n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdm stoup\u00e1n\u00edm uk\u00e1zalo jako fat\u00e1ln\u00ed. Jeho smrt v\u0161ak p\u0159isp\u011bla k\u00a0zaveden\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed proti zak\u00e1zan\u00fdm l\u00e1tk\u00e1m v\u00a0cyklistice. V\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm roce se objevily testy nejen na Tour, ale i na Giro d\u2019Italia a letn\u00edch olympijsk\u00fdch hr\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

\u00datok na Eddy Merckxe<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Skand\u00e1l na Tour v\u00a0roce 1975 uk\u00e1zal, jak siln\u00e9 emoce tento z\u00e1vod vzbuzuje. Belgi\u010dan Eddy Merckx, p\u011btin\u00e1sobn\u00fd v\u00edt\u011bz, si v\u00a0tom roce jel pro \u0161est\u00e9 v\u00edtezstv\u00ed, kter\u00fdm by sebral titul nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho po\u010dtu v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed Francouzi Jacques Anquetilovi. Rozhn\u011bvan\u00fd \u201efanou\u0161ek\u201c z Francie, kter\u00fd se necht\u011bl sm\u00ed\u0159it s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee by se titul p\u0159esunul do Belgie, dok\u00e1zal Merckxe p\u0159i stoup\u00e1n\u00ed na vrchol Puy de D\u00f4me ude\u0159it do ledvin. Dodnes nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, zda po\u0161kozen\u00ed a mod\u0159iny po t\u00e9to r\u00e1n\u011b zp\u016fsobily, \u017ee v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed Belgi\u010danovi uniklo, nebo to byla jednodu\u0161e kvalita soupe\u0159\u016f. Jist\u00e9 v\u0161ak je jedno, leto\u0161n\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00edk Star\u00e9 d\u00e1my za\u010d\u00ednal v\u00a0Belgii pr\u00e1v\u011b na po\u010dest \u201eKanibala\u201c, kter\u00fd nechyb\u011bl na startu ani v\u00a0c\u00edli.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Bzp1Gw-IHn5\/<\/p>\n

Zrada ve vlastn\u00edm t\u00fdmu<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Cyklistika je sice sportem jednotlivc\u016f, ale vyhr\u00e1t Tour de France bez sehran\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu jednodu\u0161e nejde. Zku\u0161en\u00ed t\u00fdmov\u00ed hr\u00e1\u010di neutralizuj\u00ed \u00faniky protivn\u00edk\u016f, kryj\u00ed vlastn\u00edho vedouc\u00edho jezdce proti v\u011btru a z\u00e1sobuj\u00ed jej j\u00eddlem a pit\u00edm, kdy\u017e je pot\u0159eba. Podobn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem podporoval Greg LeMond v\u00a0roce 1985 sv\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1na Bernarda Hinaulta p\u0159i jeho p\u00e1t\u00e9m v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed na Tour. Kdy\u017e o rok pozd\u011bji Hinault sl\u00edbil pomoci k\u00a0titulu LeMondovi, bylo zad\u011bl\u00e1no na skand\u00e1l. Hinault toti\u017e ve 12. etap\u011b poru\u0161il nepsan\u00e1 pravidla a za\u010dal na vedouc\u00edho LeMonda \u00fato\u010dit. Vyu\u017eil toho, \u017ee byl ve \u017elut\u00e9m dresu a LeMond jako t\u00fdmov\u00fd kolega jej nemohl pron\u00e1sledovat, a v\u00a0\u00faniku z\u00edskal 5 minut. LeMond v\u0161ak neztratil hlavu a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed etap\u011b z\u00edskal \u010das na Hinaulta. Tour nakonec vyhr\u00e1l a dok\u00e1zal, \u017ee v\u00a0tom roce byl opravdu lep\u0161\u00edm cyklistou. Hinault po t\u00e9to Tour svou kari\u00e9ru ukon\u010dil.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Bernard Hinault v roce 1986 zradil vlastn\u00ed t\u00fdm a n\u00e1sledn\u011b ukon\u010dil kari\u00e9ru.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Nepsan\u00e1 pravidla<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Do konfliktu s\u00a0nepsan\u00fdmi pravidly se dostal i Alberto Contador na Tour v\u00a0roce 2010. P\u0159i stoup\u00e1n\u00ed na Port de Bal\u00e8s v\u00a015. etap\u011b dostihl Andy Schleck ve v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9m \u017elut\u00e9m trikotu skupinku soupe\u0159\u016f. Chv\u00edli pot\u00e9 v\u0161ak musel z\u00a0kola sesednout kv\u016fli probl\u00e9m\u016fm s \u0159et\u011bzem. Nepsan\u00e1 pravidla \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee pokud m\u00e1 jezdec ve \u017elut\u00e9m trikotu mechanick\u00fd probl\u00e9m, tak soupe\u0159i nesm\u00ed nastoupit, z\u00edskali by tak v\u00fdhodu ne\u010destn\u011b. Alberto Contador v\u0161ak Schleckova probl\u00e9mu nedbal a vyrazil kup\u0159edu. Schleck jej ji\u017e nedohnal a o \u017elut\u00fd trikot nadobro p\u0159i\u0161el. Dodnes se diskutuje, zda byl Contador\u016fv \u00fanik opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd, nebo ne.<\/p>\n

Dopingov\u00e1 af\u00e9ra t\u00fdmu Festina<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Tour de France m\u011bla za svou historii \u0159adu dopingov\u00fdch af\u00e9r, tou nejrozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edpad okolo t\u00fdmu Festina. V\u0161e za\u010dalo v\u00a0\u010dervenci 1998, kdy celn\u00edci na belgicko-francouzsk\u00e9 hranici zadr\u017eeli Willyho Voeta, soigneura t\u00fdmu Festina, v\u00a0jeho\u017e aut\u011b na\u0161li anabolick\u00e9 steroidy, erytropoetin (EPO), r\u016fstov\u00fd hormon, testosteron a amfetamin. N\u00e1sledovalo vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 odhalilo organizovan\u00fd doping u Festiny a n\u011bkolika dal\u0161\u00edch t\u00fdm\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Jezdci st\u00e1je Festina b\u011bhem dopingov\u00e9 af\u00e9ry p\u0159i Tour de France v roce 1998. Foto: Profimedia, AFP<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Policie prohled\u00e1vala hotely, sb\u00edrala p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed jezdc\u016f a zat\u00fdkala t\u00fdmov\u00fd person\u00e1l. N\u011bkolik t\u00fdm\u016f bylo ze z\u00e1vodu zcela vylou\u010deno, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed sami odstoupili a z\u00a0p\u016fvodn\u00edch 189 z\u00e1vodn\u00edk\u016f Tour de France ten rok dokon\u010dilo jen 96. V\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech bylo jako reakce na tuto dopingovou af\u00e9ru zavedeno \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed a tak\u00e9 nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed testy zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na dopingov\u00e9 transfuze a EPO. Byla tak\u00e9 vytvo\u0159ena sv\u011btov\u00e1 antidopingov\u00e1 organizace (WADA), kter\u00e1 m\u011bla jednotliv\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm v\u00a0tomto \u00fasil\u00ed pom\u00e1hat.<\/p>\n

Lance Armstrong<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch skand\u00e1l\u016f v\u00a0cyklistice v\u016fbec byla dopingov\u00e1 af\u00e9ra okolo Lance Armstronga. B\u011bhem sv\u00e9 ohromn\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 kari\u00e9ry Armstrong nasb\u00edral sedm v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed na Tour de France, bronzovou medaili z\u00a0olympijsk\u00fdch her a nespo\u010det dal\u0161\u00edch titul\u016f, ani\u017e by pro\u0161el v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm dopingov\u00fdm skand\u00e1lem. A\u017e v\u00a0\u010dervnu roku 2012, \u0161est let po jeho posledn\u00edm v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed na Tour, se poda\u0159ilo nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 americk\u00e9 antidopingov\u00e9 organizaci USADA nasb\u00edrat dostatek d\u016fkaz\u016f k\u00a0obvin\u011bn\u00ed ze systematick\u00e9ho dopingu. Armstrong po letech ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zap\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed zvolil v\u00a0roce 2012 jinou taktiku, rozhodl se proti tomuto obvin\u011bn\u00ed nebr\u00e1nit. St\u00e1lo ho to v\u0161echny tituly Tour de France, olympijskou medaili, sponzory v\u00a0odhadovan\u00e9 hodnot\u011b 75 milion\u016f dolar\u016f a do\u017eivotn\u00ed z\u00e1kaz z\u00e1vod\u011bn\u00ed. V\u00a0lednu 2013 pak dobrovoln\u011b vystoupil v\u00a0televizn\u00ed show Oprah Winfreyov\u00e9, kde se k\u00a0dopingu p\u0159iznal a vysv\u011btlil, \u017ee doping byl probl\u00e9m cel\u00e9 generace cyklist\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
P\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed. Lance Armstrong v televizn\u00ed show Oprah Winfreyov\u00e9. Profimedia, Backgrid UK<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Po uzav\u0159en\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee 20 z\u00a021 cyklist\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se um\u00edstili na stupni v\u00edt\u011bz\u016f na Tour v\u00a0letech 1999\u20132005, bylo p\u0159\u00edmo spojeno s\u00a0dopingov\u00fdm skand\u00e1lem. Po\u0159adatel\u00e9 se tak rozhodli v\u00a0t\u011bchto letech neud\u011blit medaile nikomu a v\u00fdsledky kompletn\u011b smazali.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Skand\u00e1ly prov\u00e1zej\u00ed Tour de France ji\u017e od jej\u00edho zalo\u017een\u00ed v\u00a0roce 1903. A\u0165 u\u017e je to doping, podv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed \u010di sabotov\u00e1n\u00ed soupe\u0159\u016f, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95,"featured_media":2806,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[243],"tags":[319,320,318,310,321,317,242,322,314,316,23,315],"global-categories":[],"class_list":["post-2801","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-welovecycling-com-cs-tdf","tag-alberto-contador","tag-andy-schleck","tag-bernard-hinault","tag-eddy-merckx","tag-festina","tag-greg-lemond","tag-lance-armstrong","tag-oprah-winfreyova","tag-skandaly","tag-tom-simpson","tag-tour-de-france","tag-tragedie"],"yoast_head":"\nSlavn\u00e1 Tour de France ve st\u00ednu skand\u00e1l\u016f a trag\u00e9di\u00ed | \u0160koda We Love Cycling - \u010cesk\u00e1 republika<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Skand\u00e1ly prov\u00e1zej\u00ed Tour de France ji\u017e od jej\u00edho zalo\u017een\u00ed v\u00a0roce 1903. 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